Publications and Media

Discover the latest developments, articles, and podcasts on E-ledgers accounting.

Showing 1 - 8 of 58 results

Measuring the Carbon Footprint for Health Systems and Suppliers

A Collaborative Field Study by Providence Health System and Becton-Dickinson

by Robert S. Kaplan, Scott Hudson, Oriana Turley, Maureen Mazurek, Beth Schenk, and Karthik Ramanna

The E-ledgers Institute partnered with Providence Health System (PHS) and Becton Dickinson to track the emissions from manufacturing and transporting seven high-volume syringes to three PHS hospital sites, and from their subsequent use and disposal. The study demonstrates how the E-liability approach, through supplier-specific data collection and causal allocation, enables more accurate product-level carbon accounting, revealing where health system emissions accumulate and opportunities to lower those emissions.

NEJM Catalyst

September 2026

PublicationCase Studies E-ledgers Method
Towards an Emissions Accounting Board: A Proposal for a Pro-market Public Authority to Drive Clean Industrial and Trade Policy
By Karthik Ramanna

In this paper, our co-founder, Professor Karthik Ramanna, outlines the institutional and governance foundations needed for standard-setting to support credible product-level carbon accounting as climate, trade, and industrial policy converge. It proposes a network of Emissions Accounting Boards (EABs) across the EU, US, and globally to set standards, support baselines, and anchor assurance. The paper highlights how such a system could enable policy tools like carbon border measures while supporting broader goals around competitiveness and supply-chain transparency.

SSRN

August 2026

PublicationGovernance Policy and Regulation
E-ledgers Carbon Accounting
by Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna

In this paper, our co-founders, Professors Karthik Ramanna and Robert Kaplan, outline the accounting infrastructure necessary for a global system of interconnected E-ledgers. They detail how entities record E-liabilities and E-assets, how E-ledgers link across firms and jurisdictions, and how these can be aggregated into a geological master ledger. The paper also shares insights from early pilots and digital infrastructure to guide low-cost deployment at scale.

Management Science

August 2026

PublicationCarbon Markets E-ledgers Method Technology
Carbon accounting is broken. Here’s how to fix it

Following a workshop co-hosted with the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Business School, Professor Karthik Ramanna sat down with Professor Paul Andon, Dean of UNSW Business School, to discuss developments in carbon markets. The conversation examines why the current carbon reporting system is structurally broken, why organizations most invested in climate progress are often most resistant to measurement reform, and what it would take to build the accounting foundations that carbon markets require.

Business Think

June 2026

MediaCarbon Markets E-ledgers Method
A Proto-Standard for Carbon Removals Accounting and Auditing using the E-asset Method
By Karthik Ramanna, Simon Roston, Lauren Holloway, and Robert S. Kaplan

The E-ledgers Institute is excited to announce the release of the first version of the proto-standard for carbon removals (i.e., E-assets) accounting and auditing using the E-ledgers method. It is intended to be read together with the E-liability proto-standard. A number of different jurisdictions are currently attempting to develop standards for entities to calculate and report the GHG net emissions embedded in their outputs, especially to have an assessment basis for planned carbon border levies. This document can serve as a complementary guide for such efforts, ensuring that standards developed in different geographies, industries, and sectors follow similar, interoperable, and conceptually sound accounting principles.

SSRN

June 2026

PublicationCarbon Markets E-ledgers Method
India Power Pilot Report

India Power Corporation Limited, a leading power generation and distribution company in India, piloted the E-liability method across its electricity value chain. Focusing initially on coal- and wind-generated electricity, the pilot established an accounting foundation for India Power’s long-term goal of delivering real-time, energy-source-specific emissions data to customers, while identifying data gaps, building internal capabilities, and assessing opportunities to scale the approach across its broader operations.

E-ledgers Institute

June 2026

PublicationCase Studies E-ledgers Method Electricity Emissions
A Reference Architecture for Implementing E-ledgers Carbon Accounting on the Finternet
By Karthik Ramanna, Abhishek Sankritik, Lauren Holloway, Pramod Varma, and Vineet Nair

This paper outlines the minimum reference technology architecture needed to operationalize E-ledgers carbon accounting across complex value chains using Finternet-compatible infrastructure. The paper identifies the core accounting principles that must be preserved for E-ledgers to function correctly, including mass and energy conservation, complete emissions attribution, and full accounting integrity, and shows how these requirements shape the system architecture. Building on these foundations, we describe the key architectural layers, data structures, and information flows required to support interoperable carbon accounting across organizations, while maintaining appropriate controls over data visibility and ownership. A detailed example illustrates how information moves through the system in practice. The paper concludes by examining the governance, audit, and institutional arrangements necessary to deploy E-ledgers at scale across jurisdictions, industries, and enterprise systems.

Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford

May 2026

PublicationE-ledgers Method Technology
Yorkshire Water and Feralco Group Pilot Report

We partnered with Yorkshire Water and Feralco Group to apply the E-liability approach to treated water, establishing the specific emissions embedded in the water treatment process. The pilot focused in particular on ferric sulphate, a coagulant widely used in water treatment, and demonstrated the value of supplier-specific emissions data in identifying reduction opportunities across the supply chain. By collaborating closely with Feralco, the pilot uncovered innovations that could reduce emissions associated with ferric sulphate by 40-50% compared to industry-average estimates, highlighting how more precise accounting can drive meaningful operational improvements.

E-ledgers Institute

May 2026

PublicationCase Studies E-ledgers Method Procurement

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